History of Collection
Of
HADITH
By
Imam Hussain Makki
Al-Madinah Institute, Imam Hassan (+91-7022103963)
Al-Salamu `Alaykum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuhu,
this book is about the history of collection of hadith, till 400 hijri, there are only two sect in islam, one is followers of hadith, another is followers of non-hadith.
Surat Saba' (Sheba) - سورة سبإ
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
[All] praise is [due] to Allah , to whom belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, and to Him belongs [all] praise in the Hereafter. And He is the Wise, the Acquainted.
Sahih International
He knows what penetrates into the earth and what emerges from it and what descends from the heaven and what ascends therein. And He is the Merciful, the Forgiving.
But those who disbelieve say, "The Hour will not come to us." Say, "Yes, by my Lord, it will surely come to you. [ Allah is] the Knower of the unseen." Not absent from Him is an atom's weight within the heavens or within the earth or [what is] smaller than that or greater, except that it is in a clear register -
That He may reward those who believe and do righteous deeds. Those will have forgiveness and noble provision.
But those who strive against Our verses [seeking] to cause failure - for them will be a painful punishment of foul nature.
And those who have been given knowledge see that what is revealed to you from your Lord is the truth, and it guides to the path of the Exalted in Might, the Praiseworthy.
But those who disbelieve say, "Shall we direct you to a man who will inform you [that] when you have disintegrated in complete disintegration, you will [then] be [recreated] in a new creation?
Has he invented about Allah a lie or is there in him madness?" Rather, they who do not believe in the Hereafter will be in the punishment and [are in] extreme error.
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each and every sahabah work on sunnah of conveying hadith to muslim, if they know single hadith also.
but few sahabah hadith got success in reaching us,
because munafequn want to destroy the hadith, so that munafequn can rule the muslim.
a great work done by sahabah, and tabyeeen, and tab-tabyeen, to safeguard the hadith, and hadith authencity,
because Munafeeq want to take the control of ummah by destroing hadith,
but
it is the sahabah and tabyeen(auliyah) and tab-tabyeen(imam and auliya and mujahideen) who safeguard the hadith and its tradition.
oh Allaah pls pour your mercy and blessing on sahabah, and auliayah and imam and mujahideen...................
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there are numbers of false claim about hadith collection, and they are all false claims, to make the person not to follow hadith,
there are muslim in theory they love hadith, but in practical they do not follow hadith,
the religion of islam means the revelation of word of Allaah, which is in two form, one is quran and other is sahi hadith,
because of this the shaitan always try to attack on sahi hadith, shaitan can easily capture the person, soul and mind and body,
so here i would like to elaborate overview of collection of hadith, how it happen and why it happen,
brother and sister as you both know, there are two major sect of ISLAM
(1)- mumin
(2)- munafeeq
what is practise of mumin,
- always obey to quran and sahi hadith
what is practise of munafeeq
- always disobey to quran and sahi hadith.
so you all aware,
at the time of Muhammad(saas) itself,
munafeeq started to form a separate group to disobey quran and sahi hadith, and they started calling other muslim to join them,
and secrectly they started conspiracy to disobey quran and sahi hadith,
at the period of osman last days, they got success, and their infuence was appearable in media,
so sahabah understood their tricks of making muslim to obey them,
at the last time of khalifah osman (rz), before his shahada, two years before, khalifah osman(rz) said, i m going to be shaheed soon,
because they understood the conspiracy of munafeeq was engulfing them,
there are many factors, but we will discuss few major factors,
as all the sahabah was waging liberation in border area, and they are attaching new land to khilafat system,
but inside the town, the munafeeq are not going in border, and they want to capture the post of incharge,
so they got sucess of murdering osman(rz) (shahadat),
but the sahabah most intelligence and courageous of all conspiracy,
they choose the most intelligent person Ali(rz) to the khilafat,
Allaah has preserve the intelligent and strenght of Ali(rz) for Islam, to utilize in this crucial time,
so Khalifah Ali(rz) is the person, who made munafequn-richer-community conspiracy failed,
the munafeeq as usual, try to overthrough the system of prophet Muhammad, and they want to put their own system, which is based on richer-community
Allaah choosen the Khalifah Ali(rz) and the family of Prophet Muhammad (saas): to tackle this munafeeq richer community, so mother Aisha(rz) is the one choosen one, from which we got lake of hadith.
So Allaah said prophet Muhammad (saas) to marry mother Aisha(rz),
What a great planner Allaah is......(ameen)
Oh Allaah you are great, you protect your deen.
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sahi muslim:
"Never a Prophet had been sent before me by Allah towards his nation who had not among his people (his) disciples and companions who followed his ways and obeyed his command. Then there came after them their successors who said whatever they did not practice, and practiced whatever they were not commanded to do. He who strove against them with his hand was a believer: he who strove against them with his tongue was a believer, and he who strove against them with his heart was a believer and beyond that there is no faith even to the extent of a mustard seed".
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so as said by prophet Muhammad(saas), it occurs after prophet Muhammad(saas) here again with sahabah,
a group of richer community, started practising what ever not prescribe by Muhammad(saas),
but the clever sahabah and tabyeen(auliya) and tab-tabyeen(imam and mujahideen):
defended this munafequn-richer-community, and safeguard the islam (quran+sahi hadith)
all the sahabha are very much clever to handle this situation,
this situation still you can find in books, how munafequn-richer-community, write the books of islam, without the proof of quran and sahi hadith, and whenever a proof is shown to them, how they get frustrated, and disturb,
you can see live right now in your surrounding, this munafequn-richer-community is everywhere in muslim land around 56 nation.
there are many type of situation arisen at the time of khalifah Ali(rz), but we will discuss the major situation,
(a) maximum sahabah is on border for liberation of humanity,
(b) in town only munafequn richer community is available,
(c) the hadith is with men sahabah, who are fighting in border and women sahabah who are assisting the military, or few are staying in their house,
(d) so at the time of khalifah Ali(rz), all the sahabah, are busy in tackling munafequn-richer-community,
and they are busy in restoring the law of sharia(hadith),
(e) khalifah Ali(rz) got the shahadat,
and khalifah ali(rz) know that, he would be murder by munafequn-richer-community,
so khalifah Ali (rz) said do not try to killed munafequn who are involved in my murder, just murder the person, who has killed me, because khalifah Ali(rz) did not divide the ummah in two group, so our sahabah, tactically destroyed the conspiracy of munafequn (who want to divide the ummah in two sect)
surprisingly all the sahabah done the same thing,
like khalifah omar (rz), khalifah osman(rz), khalifah Ali(rz), khalifah Hassan (rz), khalifah hussain (rz),
what a greatness of sahabah, having all the power of world, never use for their own use, what a great ness, instead they foiled the conspiracy of munafequn-richer-community, of dividing the ummah.
They have saved the sahi hadith, with their own life.
the munafequn-richer-community are gaining control because of two reason
(a) the majority of muslim are uneducated about Islam and their principle
(b) they just newly converted, so they do not have knowledge of Islam, and in maximum governing position, munafequn-ricehr-community has capture the post,
the sahabah know very well about the situation,
and sahabah know very well that munafequn-richer-community is taking the advantage of newly converted muslim,
they know very well, that newly converted muslim do not have knowledge of quran and sahi hadith, and they have been misguided,
so in year 61 hijri, family of prophet Muhammad(saas) got shahadah, for upholding the sunnah of khilafat.
from the period of 61 hijri to 150 hijri,
is the period of fighting with munafequn-richer-community,
munafequn-richer-community took the control of muslim ummah after murdering many women sahabiyah and men sahabah, and family member of prophet Muhammad(saas), Hassan(rz) and hussain(rz) and the family of prophet muhmmad (saas) in the year 61 hijri
so 61 hijri to 150 hijri is the period of taking control of hadith jurisdiction,
because munafequn-richer-community legislature is destroying the law of Allaah that is sahi hadith.
all the mumin muslim around the world struggle to establish the khilafat system, and they are busy in upliftment of khilafat system,
mean time they supported the family of abbasiya-richer community to establish khilafat system, but after overthrowing the ummayya-richer-community by muslim masses,
and after holding the military power of muslim ummah, abbasiya-richer-community betrayed the mujahideen,
so there are many mujahideen involve in upliftment of khilafat system, in that all, abu hanifa is the one,
who liberated muslim ummah from munafequn-richer-community with his hadith knowledge and supporting the mujahideen,
abu hanifa struggle 50 years of his life for the education of hadith to the ummah.
Imam abu hanifah struggle 45 years against the munafequn-ummayan-richer-community, and got success in overthrowing the kingdom of non-hadither.
so Iman abu hanifah got shahadah through the wounds of munafequn-ummayya-richer-community and then poison by munafequn-abbasiya-richer-community,
so his shahadah year, is the liberation year of muslim ummah from munafequn-ummayya-richer-community,
the book of shahabah and their khutab and story is available,
few of the muslim, understand that, the munafequn-richer-community is destroying the hadith, because they cannot rule on muslim, if hadith is available, so they started killing the people of hadith, and who preach hadith,
but they have not succeded, because of the great mujahideen still fighting them with hadith and sword,
like
150 hijri Imam abu hanifah, supported the jihad against this munafequn, and spread the message of hadith in muslim ummah, but munafequn succeded in destroying many books of Imam abu hanifah,
then came the munafequn-abbasiya-richer-community,
they establish the
sunnah of bayt
sunnah of emaarat ( law through hadith)
but they betrayed mujahideen of sunnah of khilafat
but any how they supported the emaarat based on sunnah of prophet Muhammad(saas):
so this year, people started the collection of hadith openly,
179 hijri -mujahid name Imam malik, who supported the law of hadith,
204 hijri-mujahid name Imam shafee, who supported the law of hadith,
241 hijri-mujahid name Imam ahmed, who supported the law of hadith,
then came a mujahid who supported the law of hadith, name bukhari,
and bukhari put the parameter and benchmarking of authenticating hadith,
and bukhari started collection of hadith one more time, with the parameter and benchmarking
the basic parameter as follows :
(a) the chain which include human being, they should in reality meet each other or not
(b) if they met, then in what state of their iman
(c) if they said hadith, they usually practise honesty(islam) in their life or not
(d) have they indulge themselves in haram eating and earning
(e) have they spoken lie in their life,
so this is the basic parameter and benchmark, and their are many perfect and bonding parameter, which bukhari put, and afterward, all the mujahid of islam, followed this parameter,
so in this way, our hadith is been tighting with honesty, for the future generation,
so in latest,
you all have heard the name of mujahid
naseeruddin albani,
ibn baz
saleh-al-uthemaeen,
they tighting the rope of honesty more powerful, to safeguard the hadith,
so the fuel of Islam, is brought to us by our beloved sahabah, who has given their life, their family, their mother and their father and their wife, there children to safeguard this hadith from munafequn-richer-community,
this munafequn-richer-community has murder all the their belonging in this world.
oh Allaah pour your mercy and blessing to all sahabah, shuhadah, and put them in high status in jannah,
and make them our leader in jannah, ameen, ameen, ameen,
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There is long list of mujahideen who collected and compiled ahadith and preserved them in written form and in books.
sahabah period
Following are few sahaaba (companions) who compiled ahadith during the life time of the last Prophet Muhammad (saas).
1. Abdullaah Ibn Amr al-Aas (rz). ( d.42 H)
2. Ibn Abdullaah Ibn Mas’ood (rz) (d. 63 H )
3. Abu Hurairah (rz). (d. 57 H)
4. Alee Ibn Talib (rz). ( d. 40 H)
5. Abu Shah Yamanee (rz)
6. Aa’ishah Siddeeqa (rz) ( d. 58 H)
7. Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (rz) ( d. 68 H)
8. Sa’eed Ibn Jubair (rz). (d. 95 H)
9. Anas Ibn Maalik (rz) ( d. 93 H)
10. Saeed ibn Musaib (d.94 H)
11. Amr Ibn Hazm (rz) ( d. 51 H)
12. Samrah Ibn Jundub (rz) (d. 60 H)
13. Sa’ad Ibn Ubaadah (rz) (died during the Khilafat of Abu Bakr)
14. Naaf’i (rz)
The seven sahaaba with most narrations of ahadeeth
They are in order of number of narrations:
i) Abu Hurayrah, the most of them in Hadeeth, he narrated 5374 Ahaadith.
ii) Abdullaah ibn ‘Umar, he narrated 2630 Ahaadith.
iii) Anas ibn Maalik, he narrated 2286 Ahaadith.
iv) Aa-isha, the mother of the believers, she narrated 2210 Ahaadith.
v) Abdullaah ibn ‘Abbaas, he narrated 1660 Ahaadith.
vi) Jaabir ibn ‘Abdullaah, he narrated 1540 Ahaadith.
vii) Abu Sa’eed al Khudree [who is Sa’d ibn Maalik], who narrated 1170 Ahaadith.
Other hadith compilers:
Humaam Ibn Munabbeh (d.101H).
Muhammad Ibn Shihaab Al Zuhri ( Born in Makka, lived in Damuscus. d. 124 H)
Abdul Malik ibn Juraij (A Makki scholar d. 150 H)
Muhammad Ibn Yasir Ibn Khayyar ( A Makki scholar. d. 151 H)
Mu’ammar Ibn Rashid ( A Yemni scholar, d. 153 H)
Saeed Ibn Royyeah (A Madni scholar, d. 156 H)
Imam al Awza’ee ( A Syrian scholar, d. 157 H)
Rabee’a Ibn Sabeeh (d.160 H)
Sha’bah Ibn Hahhaj (d. 160 H)
Imam Sufyaan ath Thawree ( d. 161 H in Koofa)
Imam Hammad Ibn Salamah ( d. 167 H, in Basra)
Maalik Ibn Anas ( d. 179)
Abdullah Ibn al Mubaarek ( d. 181 H, in Khurassan)
Jareer Ibn Abdul Hameed (d. 188 H)
Suffyya Ibn Unainah (d. 198 H)
Abu Dawood Tayalsee ( d. 204)
Abdur Razzaq Ibn Hammam (d. 211 H)
Asad Ibn Musa ( d. 212 H)
Ubaidullah Ibn Musa ( d. 213 H)
Abdullah Ibn Zubair Hameedee ( d. 219 H)
Saeed Ibn Mansoor ( d. 227 H)
Yahya Ibn Abdul Hameed Hamani (d. 228 H)
Naeem Ibn Hammad ( d. 228 H)
Ishaq Ibn Rahuyya ( d. 228H)
Abu Bakr Ibn abi Shaibah ( d. 235 H)
Ahmad Ibn Hanbal ( d. 241 H)
Abd Ibn Hameed ( d. 249 H)
Ishaq Ibn Bahlul ( d. 252 H)
Abdullah Ibn Abdur Raman Du’armi ( d. 255 H)
Muhammad Ibn Ismail Bukhari ( d. 256 H)
Abu Masud Razi ( d. 258 H)
Muslim Ibn Hajjaj ( d. 261 H)
Muhammad Ibn Yazid Ibn Majah ( d. 273 H)
Abu Dawood Sajastanee ( d. 275 H)
Baqi Ibn Mukhlid Qartabi ( d. 276 H)
Muhammah Ibn Esa Tirmizi ( d. 279 H)
Ahmad Ibn Abi Asim ( d. 287 H)
Abu Bakr Bazzar ( d. 292 H)
Abu Muslam Kashee ( d. 292 H)
Muhammad Ibn Nasr Maruzee ( d. 294 H)
Ahmad Ibn Shoib Nisaee ( d. 303 H)
Abu Ya’lla Muslee ( d. 307 H)
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Janadi(d.308 AH)
Ibn Khuzaima ( d. 311 H)
Abul Awana al Safrainee ( d. 316 H)
Ibn Jarud ( d. 317 H)
Ibn Habban ( d. 354 H)
Abul Qasim Tabranee ( d. 360 H)
Abul Hasan Daru Qatnee ( d. 385 H)
Muhammad Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Khattab ( d. 388H)
Abu Abdullah Hakim ( d. 405 H)
Abu Na’eem Isphani ( d. 430 H)
Ahmad Ibn Husain Baiqahee ( d. 458 H)
Hafiz Ibn Abdur Barr Qartabi ( d. 463 H)
Abu Bakr Khateeb Baghdadi ( d. 463 H)
Abu Nasr Muhammad Ibn Fatuh Hamidee ( d. 488 H)
Hussain Ibn Masud Baghvee ( d. 519 H)
Abu Bkar Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Ibn al-Arabi ( d. 543 H)
Qazi Ayyaz Maleki ( d. 544 H)
Mujaddid ad Deen Ibn Aseer Jazree ( d. 606 H)
Abus Salam Ibn Taimiyyah ( d. 652)
Zaki uddin Abdul Azeem Munzaree ( d. 656 H)
Yahya Ibn Sharf Nauwee ( d. 676 H)
Wali uddin Khateeb Tabrazee ( d. 737 H)
Hafiz Ibn Qayyam al Ja’uzee ( d. 751 H)
Jamal iddin Zaila’ee ( d. 762 H)
Hafiz Emad uddin Abu Fad’a Ibn Kathir ( d. 774 H)
Hafiz Ahmad Ibn Hajr Asqalanee ( d. 852 H)
Hafiz Suyuti (d. 902 H)
Hafiz Jalal uddin Sautti ( d. 911 H)
Shaikh Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehalvi (d. 1052 H)
Shah Waliullah Muhaddith Dehalvi (d. 1176 H)
Muhammad Ibn Ali al Shaukani ( d. 1250 H)
Ehsaan Ilahi Zaheer (d. 1407 H)
Muhammad Nasiruddin Albani (d. 1420 )
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great mujahideen who stood agains taghowt (munafequn) and establish the ruling of hadith
1-Shaheed Imam Abu Hanifah(80 – 150 H)
Nuʿmān ibn Thābit ibn Zūṭā ibn Marzubān(persian), better known as Shaheed Imām Abū Ḥanīfah, (699 — 767ce / 80 — 150ah)
was the leader of mujahideen who are fighting against the ummayya-munafequn-richer-community.
shaheed Imām Abū Ḥanīfah is tabieen, the generation after the sahabah, because he saw the Sahabi anas ibn malik (rz), and nearly dozans sahabhi.
Abbasiyah-munafequn-richer-community al-mansur offered the chief judge of the state, Shaheed Imam Abu Hanifa refuse the post because munafequn-abbasiyah has betrayed mujahideen on the establishment of sunnah of khilafat.
Imam Abū Ḥanīfah issued a legal opinion(supporting mujahideen who are fighting against munafeequn-abbasiyah-richer-community) for bearing arms against Al-mansoor for establishment of khilafat system in governance, and the latter had him poisoned to death. It was said that so many people attended his funeral that the funeral service was repeated six times for more than 50,000 people who had amassed before he was actually buried.
his books
Kitaab-ul-Aathaar narrated by Imaam muhammad al-shaybani – compiled from a total of 70,000 hadith
Kitabul Aathaar narrated by Imaam abu yusuf
Aalim wa'l-muta‘allim
Fiqh al-Akbar
Musnad Imaam ul A'zam
Kitaabul Rad alal Qaadiriyah
=================================
2-Imam Malik Ibn Anas (93 – 179 H)
Mālik ibn Anas ibn Mālik ibn Abī 'Āmir al-Asbahī (مالك بن أنس) (c. 711 – 795) (93 ah– 179 AH ) is known as "Imam Malik," the sheikh of hadith ,Imam shafi who was one of Malik's students for nine years and a scholarly giant in his own right, stated, "when scholars are mentioned, Imam Malik is the star".
Living in Medina gave Imam Malik access to some of the most learned minds of early hadith. one of his teacher is Imam Abu Hanifa, and under the household of the prophets lineage, Imam Jafar al-sadiq,
Golden Chain of Narration
Imam Malik's chain of narrators was considered the most authentic and called Silsilat ul-Zhahab or "The Golden Chain of Narrators" by notable hadith scholars including Imam bukhari, The 'Golden Chain' of narration (i.e., that considered by the scholars of Hadith to be the most authentic) consists of Malik, who narrated from nafi, who narrated from ibn umar, who narrated from Muhammad(saas).
Opposition to bid'ah or innovation in beliefs and practised of governing.
Malik was vehemently opposed to bid'ah and even directed others not to extend the Islamic greeting of salaam to the people of bidah, stating, "how evil are the People of Innovation, we do not give them felicitations." Malik explained that "he who establishes an innovation in Islam regarding it as something good, has claimed that Muhammad has betrayed his trust to deliver the message as
God says, 'this day have I perfected for you your religion'. And whatsoever was not part of the religion then, is not part of the religion today."
hadith books
(1) Al-Muwatta, "The Approved," which was said to have been regarded by Imam Shafi to be the soundest book on earth after the quran.
(2) al - mudawwana al-kubra
Imam maliki said "The reform of the later generations of this ummah will take place in the same way as reformed its earlier generations." taken from Islahi Khutbat (Discourse on Islamic Way of Life)
Name Malik, kunniyah (agnomen) Abu Abdullah, father’ name Anas, grand father’s name Malik, who was an elevated ‘tabi’ee’ (successor). His great grand father – Abu Amir a resident of Yemen, converted to Islam and migrated to Madina.
Teachers of Imam Malik:
Imam Malik memorized the Qur’an from Imam Nafa’e Ibn Abdur Rahman. He also studied from Hisham Ibn Urwah, Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Jafar al Sadiq.
Imam Malik used to learn from Imam Nafa’e for 12 long years for 12 long years and became his successor after Nafa’e death.
Students of Imam Malik:
It is said that the number of students of Imam Malik is countless as he taught for 62 long years in Madina. The most renowned students of Imam Malik are Imam Shafa’i and Imam Abu Yousuf.
Imam Malik’s fiqh (jurisprudence):
The fiqh of Imam Malik is based upon the comprehensions of Abdullah Ibn Umr and Ummul momineen Aisha bint Abu Bakr and the knowledge of ‘tabi’een’ viz; Saeed Ibn Musaib, Salim Ibn Abdullah, Abu Bakr Ibn Abdur Rahman Ibn al Harith, Ubaidullah Ibn A’ataba Ibn Masud, Qasim Ibn Abi Bakr, Suleman Ibn Yasar, Khareja Ibn Zaid and Abu Zuhri.
Hardships and persecutions in life:
Imam Malik was treated severely when he issued opinionn against being forced to pledge allegiance to the Munafequn-King Al-Mansur. He was to forced to ride on a donkey and also flogged 70 times when he also issued a opinion that talaq (divorce) under coercion is not valid.
Academic work and books autherted:
Imam Malik has 11 publications to his credit.
(i) al Mawatta
(ii) Risalatal Malik ila al Rasheed.
(iii) Ahkam al Qura’n
(iv) al Muddawwana al Kubra
(v) Risalatal Malik ila Ibn Mutref
(vi) Risalatal Malik ila Ibn Wahb
(vii) Kitab al Qazzia
(viii) Kitab al Manasik
(ix) Tafseer Gharib al Qur’an
(x) Kitab al Majalisat en Malik and
(xi) Tafseer al Qur’an.
Al Mawatta
The scholars of ahadith have included al Mawatta amongst the top most authentic books on ahadith. Imam Shafa’I (d. 204 H) who was a student of Imam Malik says: “ after Qura’n, on the surface of the earth, there is no other book on earth more authentic and trustworthy than Imam Malik’s al Mawatta”.
Death:
He died on Rabi al awwal 11, 179 H, after an illness of 3 weeks, at the age of 86. A mammoth of humanity was gathered at the funeral procession. Imam Malik was buried in the grave yard ‘ the janna al baqi’i.
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3-Imam Shafi (135 – 188 H)
Abū ʿAbdullāh Muhammad ibn Idrīs al-Shafiʿī ( ابو عبدالله محمد بن إدريس الشافعيّ)
was a supporter of hadith and hadith followers, He was active in hadith juridical matters.
studies with Imam Malik
He was born in gaza and moved to mecca, when he was about two years old. He is reported to have studied with the "School of Mecca". Then he moved to Madinah to teach others of the message of hadith and be taught by malik ibn anas.
books
(1) Umdat as Salik(reliance of the traveller) and al maqasid.
He authored more than 100 books.
Al-Risala— The best known book by al-Shafi'i in which he examined usul al-figh (sources of jurisprudence): the quran, the hadith, sahabah, and (scholarly consensus). There is a good modern translation.
kitab al-umm- his main surviving text on shafi fiqh
Musnad ash-Shafi'i (on hadith) - it is available with arrangement, Arabic 'Tartib', by Ahmad ibn Abd ar-Rahman al-Banna
4-Imam Ahmed (164 – 241 H)
Name Ahmad, kunniyah, Abu Abdullah, father’s name Muhammad Ibn Hanbal. Ahmad ibn Hanbal's family was originally from Basra, Iraq, and belonged to the Arab Banu Shayban tribe. His father was an officer in the Abbasid army in Khorasan and later settled with his family in Baghdad, where Ahmad ibn Hanbal was born. The Hanbali madhab, named after him, is one of the four schools of jurisprudence that are followed by Muslims to this day.
Imam Ahmad traveled for 40 long years, through Iraq, Syria and Arabia, for Islamic learning and collecting ahadith from different sources.
Teachers of Imam Ahmad:
Imam Abu Yousuf, Imam Haithem ibn Bashir ibn Abu Hazim al Wasti, Imam Yahya ibn Saeed Qattan and Sufyan ibn Aaiena were Imam Ahmad’s teachers in Baghdad. From Basra Abdur Rahman ibn Mehdi and from Koofa Wakey ibn Jarrah were his teachers.
In 187 H, he met Imam Shafai and became his disciple. “ I have not seen a man like (Imam) Ahmad” says Imam Ahmad for Imam Shafai. On the othe side Imam Shafai says, ”I am leaving Baghdad in such a state that there is not a person who has more knowledge, greater jurisprudent or having greater taqwa (piety) than Ahmad Ibn Hanbal”.
Students of Imam Ahmad:
Hafiz Zahabi in his book writes that apart from thousands of his students the distinguished were; Bukhar, Muslim, Abu Dawood, Abu Zar’a, Abdullah ibn Ahmad, Ibn Taimyiah, Ishaq ibn Mansoor, Abu Bakr al Asram, Hanbal ibn Ishaq, Abu Dawood al Sajistai, Harab ibn al Kirmani, Ibrahim ibn Ishaq Harabi etc.
Hardships and persecutions in life:
During the period of munafequn-Abbasid-richer-community munafequn-Mamun ur Rasheed the ideology of Mutallazide was in practice, and according to that ideology Qura’n was a creation of Allah like other creations. Imam Hanbal refused to accept this ideology for which he was persecuted and got shahadah.
Academic work and books authored:
The following is the list of his contributions;
Kitab al-`Ilal wa Ma‘rifat al-Rijal: "The Book of Narrations Containing Hidden Flaws and of Knowledge of the Men (of Hadeeth)" Riyad: Al-Maktabah al-Islamiyyah
Kitab al-Manasik: "The Book of the Rites of Hajj"
Kitab al-Zuhd: "The Book of Abstinence" ed. Muhammad Zaghlul, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, 1994
Kitab al-Iman: "The Book of Faith"
Kitab al-Masa'il "Issues in Fiqh"
Kitab al-Ashribah: "The Book of Drinks"
Kitab al-Fada'il Sahaba: "Virtues of the Companions"
Kitab Tha'ah al-Rasul : "The Book of Obedience to the Messenger"
Kitab Mansukh: "The Book of Abrogation"
Kitab al-Fara'id: "The Book of Obligatory Duties"
Kitab al-Radd `ala al-Zanadiqa wa'l-Jahmiyya "Refutations of the Heretics and the Jahmites" (Cairo: 1973)
Tafsir : "Exegesis"
the Musnad
Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal:
It is said that Ibn Hanbal made a comment in regards to his book which read as follows: "There is not a hadith that I have included in this book except that it was used as evidence by some of the scholars."
shaheed in jail
On Friday, the 12 of Rabi' al-Awwal 241 AH, the legendary Imam breathed his last in jail . The news of his death quickly spread far and wide in the city and the people flooded the streets to attend Ahmad’s funeral. When he died, he was accompanied to his resting place by a funeral procession of eight hundred thousand men (800,000) to One million and three hundred thousands men (1,300,000) or around two million people (2,000,000) as was estimated by few scholars attending the funeral [16] and sixty thousand women (60,000),
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5 Imam Daarmi (181 – 255 H)
Imam Abu Muhammad ibn Abdur Rahman Daarmi is included amongst the renowned ‘muhaddathin’ (compilers of hadith). He was born in Samarqand and belonged to to branch – daarem- a one of the tribes of ‘tameem’, and for that reason he is called ‘daarmi’. Imam Daarmi traveled through Syria, Baghdad, Egypt, Iraq, Khurasaan, Mecca and Madina to acquire knowledge and collect ahadith.
Teacher of Imam Daarmi:
Amongst his teachers were ibn Maja, Habban ibn Hilal, Nazar ibn Shameil, Yazid ibn Haroon and Hayota ibn Shareeh.
Students of Imam Daarmi:
Imam Daarmi had a vast circle of students, including the great Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, Imam Tirmizi, Imam abu Dawood and Imam Nisaii. Apart from thes, Imam Abu Zar’a and Abu Hatim are also amongst his students.
Academic work and publications:
These include; (i) Kitab al Tafseer, (ii) Kitab al Jamae, (iii) Sunan al Daarmi
Sunan al Daarmi:
It includes 1508 sections and ahadith. Hafiz ibn Hajar Isqalaani graraded Sunan al Daarmi over Sunan ibn Maaja.
Death:
At the age of 75 years Imam Daarmi died on 8 Dhul Hajja 255 H. Imam Bukhari along with others was deeply aggrieved over his demise.
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6 Imam Bukhari (194 – 256 H)
(810-870 A.D. 256 A.H.) made a collection of about 7,275 hadiths (3,000 to 4,000 independent sayings) (out of around 300,000 he knew of) that is almost universally recognized as "next only to the Qur’an in authority". Bukhari was nicknamed after the town of Bukhara in central Asia. All of this collection gives the ultimate claimed source of the hadith.
Name Muhammad, kunniyah Abu Abdullah, father’s name Ismail, grand father’s name Ibrahim, Imam’s great grand father Mugheera embraced Islam. Imam Bukhari was born on 13 Shawwal 194 H in Bukhara.
Imam Bukari’s teachers:
Imam Bukhari got his early education by the Bukhara scholars viz; Muhamman ibn Salam Bekandi, Muhammad ibn Yousuf Bekandi, Abdullah ibn Muhammad Masnadi and Ibrahim ibn al Asa’as. Amongst his teachers at later stage Ishaq ibn Rahuyia and Ali ibn Madini had great influence on Imam’s thoughts. Other teachers include Abu Aasim, Qutaiba ibn Saeed, Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Yahya ibn Moin.
At age of sixteen, he, together with his brother and widowed mother made the pilgrimage to Makkah. From there he made a series of travels in order to increase his knowledge of hadith. He went through all the important centres of Islamic learning of his time, talked to scholars and exchanged information on hadith. It is said that he heard from over 1,000 men, and learned over 700,000 traditions.
After sixteen years' absence he returned to Bukhara, and there drew up his al-Jami' as-Sahih, a collection of 7,275 tested traditions, arranged in chapters so as to afford bases for a complete system of jurisprudence without the use of speculative law.
Imam Bukhari’s students:
He had thousands of pupil who were benefited by Imam’s teaching. The most prominents of his pupil include; Imam Muslim, Imam Tirmizi, Imam Shoib Nisaii. Apart from the Imam Zara’a, Abu Hatim, Ibn Khuzema and Muhammad ibn Nasr Maruzi are also included in Imam’s students.
Imam Muslim said for Imam Bukhari that;” I declare that there is no other person is born like you”.
Imam ibn Khuzaima says; “Under the sky I have not seen such a learned person greater than Imam Bukhari
Imam Ibn Hajar says; “If all the comments of kudos are to be write down, it will require a sea of ink”.
Academic work and publications:
About two dozen books are on the credit of Imam Bukhari. These include; Al Tarikh al Kabeer, Al Tarikh al Sagheer, Al Tarikh al Wast, Al Tafseer al Kabeer, Al Jamae al Kabeer and the esteemed Al Jamae al Saheeh al Bukhari.
Saheeh Bukhari:
The actual title of this book is; ‘Al Jamae al Masnad al Saheeh al Mukhtaser min Rasulallah sallal laho elaihe wassalum wa sunnah wa ayyama’. It is also called al Jamae for the reason it includes ahadith regarding almost every thing, viz, aqeeda (belif), ehkaam (commandments), adaab (regard), tafseer, history, shimail (good qualities), fitn (sedition), signs of the last day etc,etc.
Imam’s ‘mazhab’ (School of thought):
According to ibn Hajar Imam Bukhai was great mujahid, Hafiz ibn Qayyam says, he is great mujahid. According to Allama Tahir al Jazairi and Anwar Shah Kashmiri, Imam Bukhari was a ‘great mujahid.
Ibn Taymiyyah was asked whether Bukhari was great mujahid Bukhari was "an imam in jurisprudence.
The ruler of Bukhara Khalid ibn Ahmad Zahlee asked Imam Bukhari to teach his children at his palace. On his refusal, Imam was exiled from Bukhara on flase charges, so he shifted to Samarkand.
Death:Imam Bukhari died on Shawwal 1, 256 H at the age of 62 and is buried in Samarkand.
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7- Imam Muslim (204 – 261 H)
(817-875 A.D. 261 A.H.) is the second most authoritative collection, with 7,190 hadiths (4,000 independent sayings). He had a little different approach than Bukhari. He might repeat the same tradition 6, 10, or more times, one after another, many times with slightly different wording, based on the different sources claimed for the saying.
Name Muslim, kunniyah Abul Husain, nickname Asakar uddin, Father’s name Hujaj. Imam Muslim was born in the city Nishapur of Khurasan (present day north eastern Iran)in 204 H. Imam got his early education in Nishapur from Imam Iahaq ibn Rahuyia.
Imam Muslim’s teachers:
Imam’s mentors include; Imam Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Yahya Zuhali, Saeed ibn Mansoor, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ishaq ibn Rahuyia, Abdullah ibn Muslema Qa’nabee, Ismail ibn Abi Idrees, Amr ibn Sawar etc.
Imam’s students:
Imam had hundereds of students but the most prominent were; Imam Tirmizi, Imam ibn Khuzaima and Imam Abu Hatim Razi.
Imam’s ‘mazhab’ (school of thought):
According to Shaikh Tahir al Jazairee, Imam Muslim was not a follower of any Imam, however his tilt was towards Imam Shafaii.
Imam Muslim’s academic work and publications:
Imam has got more than one dozen publications to his credit. The outstanding one is the’ al Jamae al Saheeh al Muslim, the rest includes; i) al Musnad al Kabeer ii) Kitab ul Illal iii) Kitab al Jamae illal albab iv) Kitab al Wahdan v) Kitab al efrad vi) Kitab Mashaikh al Malik vi) Kitab Sawalat Ahmad ibn Hanbal vii) kitab Hadith amr ibn Shoib viii) Kitab auwlad al Sahaaba ix) Kitab Mashaikh al Thora x) Kitab Mashaikh al Shaaba xi) Kitab Auham al Muhaddathin xii) Kitab al Mukhdarmin and so many others.
Saheeh Muslim.
Imam Muslim’s ‘al Jamae al Shahheh’ is the second most authentic book of hadith, besides Saheeh Bukhari. This book was compiled in 15 years of rigorous mental and physical labour. Imam collected in all 300,000 ahadith out of which 4000 ahadith are included in his al Saheeh after non-inclusion of repeated ahadith.
Death:
He died at the age of 57 in 261 H in Nishapur where he is buried.
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8- Imam ibn Maja ( 209 – 273 H)
(824-886/887 A.D. 273 A.H.) also had a collection of 4,341 Hadiths, but it is not as authoritative as the first four.
authoritative: the Muwatta’ Malik. Hadiths are: Sunan al-Darimi, Musnad of al-Humaydi, Sunan al-Daraqutni and the Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Name Muhammad, kunniyah Abu Abdullah, nick name ibn Maja, father’s name Yazid Ibn Abdullah. Regarding ‘ Maja’ there is a difference of opinion some say it is the name of Imam’s grand father, other say it is the name of Imam’s mother. Ibn Maja was born in 209 H in Iranian city of Qazwin.
Imam’s teachers:
It is believed that he got his learning from more than 300 teachers. These include; Imam Ibrahim ibn Munzar Hizami, Muhammad ibn Abi Khalid, Abu Bakr Qazwinee, Haroon ibn Musa ibn Hayyan Tamimi, Amr ibn Rafae Abul Hajar, Abu Bakr ibn Shaiba, Jabbar ibn Mughlis, Sahal ibn Ishaq, Hamdan ibn Ammara, Abdullah ibn Muawia, Hishham ibn Ammara, Muhammad ibn Saeed, Imam Dawoob ibn Rasheed, etc.
Imam Maja’s academic work and publications:
Three major publications are attributed towards Imam Maja. These are; i) al Tafseer ii) al Tarikh and iii) al Sunnan.
Sunnan ibn Maja:
This book is the most distinguished contribution towards hadith compilations. It is included amongst the six top most authentic books of ahadith. It includes 1500 sections and 4000 ahadith and more importantly there is no repetition of ahadith.
Death:
Imam Maja died on 22 Ramdhan, 273 H, at the age of 64 years in Qazwin.
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9- Imam Abu Dawood Sajastani (206 – 275 H)
Abu Da’ud/Dawud/Dawood al Sidjistani (817-888/9 A.D. 275 A.H.) has the third most authoritative collection of hadiths. He submitted his collection to Ahmad bin Hanbal, who approved it. He collected 4,800 hadiths out of 500,000. His had the principle that "transmitters are considered trustworthy provided there is no formal proof to discredit them."
Name Suleman, kunniyah Abu Dawood, father’s name Asha’t ibn Ishaq. He was born in Sajistan in east of Iran. His forefathers belonged to an Yemeni Arab tribe Azd.
Imam’s teacher:
Amongst the renowned teachers of Imam are; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ishaq ibn Rahuyia, Abu thor, Yahya ibn Moin, Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaiba, Muslim ibn Ibrahim, Qutaiba ibn Saeed.
Students of Imam Abu Dawood:
Apart from hundereds of his pupil the most outstanding one are; Abu Abdur Rahman Ahmad ibn Shoib Nisai, Abu Amr, Abu Saeed, Abu Esa Ishaq, Abu Ubaid Muhammad ibn Ali, Imam Tirmizi, Imam Nisai, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abdur Razzaq, Abul Hasan Ali ibn Hasan etc.
Imam’s academic work and publications:
Imam spend whole of his life as a student and then as a teacher. However he spared time to write the following books; i) al Sunnan ii) Kitab al marasil iii) Kitab al nasikh wa al Mansukh iv) Kitab al Masail v) Kitab al rad ela ahlul Qadar vi) Kitab Nazam al Qir’an vii) Akhbar al Khawarij viii) Kitab al Fazail al Ansar ix) Kitab al ba’s wa al Nashoor, x) Kitab Fazail al Qura’n xi) Kitab al Du’a xii) Kitab al Tafseer
Sunnan abi Dawood:
This book is included amongst the top six/seven most authetic books of ahadith. Out of about 500,000 hadith, he chose 4,800 for inclusion in his work.
Death:
Abu Dawood spend almost all his life in Baghdad, but he shifted to Basra during his last days. He died ther in Basra on 12 Shawwal 275 H at the age of 72 years.
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10- Imam Tirmidhi (209 – 279 H)
Abu’ ‘Isa Mohammed ibn ‘Isa bin Sawra ut-Tirmidhi (825-892 A.D. 209-279 A.H.) has the fourth highest hadith collection, called the Jami. It has about 3,956 hadiths. This pupil of Bukhari was called Tirmidhi because he was born near the village of Tirmidh on the Oxus River. To clear up confusion, there was also a famous Sufi mystic also nicknamed Tirmidhi, but they are not related.
Name Muhammad, kunniyah Abu Esa, father’s name Esa. He was born in 209 H, in a suburb city of Termez, Greater Khorasan (now in Uzbekistan), to a family of the widespread Banū Sulaym tribe.
Teachers of Imam Tirmizi:
His teachers include; Ibrahim ibn Abdullah Harvi, Ismail ibn Musa Asadi, Ali ibn Hajar, Qutaiba ibn Saeed, Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim and Imam Abu Dawood.
Imam Tirmizi’s academic work and publications:
Following are the books ascribed to Imam; i) al Jamae al Tirmizi ii) Kitab al illal iii) Kitab al Tarikh iv) Kitab al Zuhad v) Kitab al Sam’a wa al kani vi) Kitab al Shamail al Nabvua vii) Kitab al Mefrid.
Al Jamae al Tirmizi:
Undisputedly this book is included amongst the top six/seven most reliable books of ahadith.
Imam Tirmizi’s ‘madhab’ (school of thought):
Death:
He died in Termiz at the age of 70 in 279 H and is also buried there.
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9 - Imam Nisaii (215 – 303 H)
Sunan Nasa’i (or Al Nasa) (830-915 A.D. 215-303 A.H.) later than the others, had a collection of 5,764 hadiths.
Name Ahmad, kunniyah Abu Abdur Rahman, father’s name Shoaib. As he was born in the city of Nisa of Khurasan, he is also called Nisaii. He traveled through Iraq, Hijaz, Egypt and other places to acquire knowledge and settled in Egypt.
Imam’s teacher:
Imam’s teachers include; Qutaiba ibn Saeed, Muhammad ibn Beshar, Ishaq ibn Rahuyia, Esa ibn Hammad, Mehmood ibn Ghailaan, Husain ibn Mansoor, Muhammad ibn Nasr Maruzi , Imam Bukhari and Imam Abu Dawood.
Imam’s students:
Amongst hundereds of students the renowned one are; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ishaq, Hasan ibn Raseeq, Ibrahim bn Muhammad ibn Saleh, Abul Qasim Tibrani, Muhammad ibn Muwayia, Muhammad ibn Qasim Undulasi, Abu Jafar Tahavi, Abu A’wana, Abu Ali Kinani and his own son Abdul Karim.
Imam Nisaii’s academic work and publications:
Numerous publications are attributed towards Imam, a few of them are; i) al Sunnan al Kubra, ii) al Mujtaba also known as Sunnan al Sughra, iii) Khsais Ali, iv) Munad Ali, v) Musnad Malik, vi) Fazail al Sahaaba, vii) Kitab al Jirah wa al Ta’adeel etc. Out of these al-Sunnan has outstanding position.
Al-Sunnan Nisaii:
Al Sunnan Nisaii is in fact Al Mujtaba (al Sunnan Kubra). This includes only ‘saheeh’ ahadith, whereas al Sunnan Kubra includes both ‘saheeh’ and ‘hasan’ ahadith.
Death:
Imam Nisaii spend all his life in Egypt, however in his last days he migrated to Ramala in Damascu and died there at the age of 88 years in 303 H.
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10- Imam Tahavi (229 – 321)
Name Ahmad, kunniyah (agnomen) Abu Jafar, father’s name Muhammad ibn Salama. Born in 321 H in Taha a city of Egypt, hence called Tahavi.
Teachers of Imam Tahavi:
Imam got guidance from Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim. He also got his learning from Yunus ibn Abdul A’a la, Haroon ibn Saeed Ailee, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Hakeem, Bahr ibn Nasr, Esa ibn Sharud. He went to Syria to be guided by Abu Hazim Qazi.
Imam’s ‘madhab’ (school of thought):
Initially he was Shafii but after meeting with Ahmad ibn Abu Imran – the Qazi of Egypt- he became ‘Hanafi’.
Imam’s publications:
Apart from several books credited to his name, following include; i) Ma’ani al A’asar, ii) Kitab Ehkam al Qur’an iii) Shrah Mushkil al A’sar, iii) Kitab al Sharut al Kabeer, iv) Kitab al Sharut al Wast, v) Kitab al Sharut al Sagheer, vi) Tarikh al Kabeer, vii) Sunnan al Shafaii, this is also called Sunnan al Tahavi, etc.
Ma’ani al A’asar:
It is also called Sharahe Ma’ani al A’asar. Allama Ainee said this book can be preferred above Sunnan Abu Dawood, aj Jamae Trmizi and Sunnan Ibn Maja. Allama Ibn Hazm equalize this book with Sunnan Abu Dawood and Sunnan an Nisaii.
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A very brief history of some other important ‘mujahideen of hadith’ (Compilers of ahadith).
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11 - Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaiba (159 – 235 H)
Name Abdullah, fathers name Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Usman al Abasee. Nick name ibn Abi Shaiba. He was a great ‘muhaddith’. Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim Imam Tirmizi and Imam Abu Dawood listened ahadith from him. His most worth-mentioning book is ‘ Musannaf ibn Abi Shaiba’.
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12 - Abu Hatim Razi ( 190 – 277 H)
Name Muhammad ibn Idrees ibn Munzer ibn Dawood ibn Mehran Abu Hatim Hanzali Razi. There is a consensus amongst muslim scholar about his authority on science of hadith. Once he called his son Abdur Rahman and said “ I have traveled more than three thousand miles on foot in search of saheeh ahadith”.
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13 - Muhammad ibn Jareer Tibree (244 – 310 H)
Name Muhammad, kunniyah (agnomen), father’s name Jareer ibn Yazid ibn Kathir ibn Ghalib Tibree. With his creditability he stands along with Imam Tirmizi and Imam Nisaii. He acquired knowledge from Imam Bukhari and Muslim. Ibn Jareer is alco called ‘ imam al mufassareen’. The most distinguished of his publications is ‘Tarikh al Ummam al Mamluk’, famously known as ‘Tarikh al Tibree’.
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14 - Imam ibn Khuzaima ( 223 – 311 H)
Name Muhammad, father’s name ibn Ishaq Abu Bakr ibn Khuzaima . He was a great Imam and ‘muhaddith’.He heard ahadith from greats like Ishaq ibn Rahuyyia, Muhammad ibn Hameed, Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim. Ibn Khuzaima has more than 140 publications in his name; it includes ‘al Saheeh’ which was a great contribution towards hadith compilations.
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15 - Imam Tibranee (260 – 360 H)
Name Sulaiman, kunniyah (agnomen) Abu al Qasim, father’s name Ahmad ibn Ayyub Tibranee. He was born in Akka a city of Syria. During his learning he traveled through Hijaz, Yemen, Egypt, Baghdad, Kufa, Basra and Isphahan. He learned ahadith from Ali ibn Abdul Aziz, Baghvi, Basr ibn Musa, Abu Zar’a Damashiqi. His students include the distinguished Hafiz Abu Naeem Isphahani .
His books on ahadith include; i) al Mu’ajim al Kabeer, ii) al Mu’ajim al Wast, iii) al Mu’ajim al Sagheer, iv) Kitab al Masalik, v) Kitab ad Du’a, vi) Dalail al Nabwwah. It was not certain wether he was a Shafaii or a ‘mujtahhid’. He died on 28 Dhul Qaida, 360 H.
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16 - Imam Ibn Habban ( 275 – 354 H)
Name Muhammad, father’s name Habban ibn Ahmad ibn Habban Tamimee. He was in a small town of ‘Bust” of Ghazni Hiraat. He traveled through Iraq, Syria, Hijaz, Khurasan, Turkistan, Kufa, Mecca and other places to gain knowledge. Hr acquired the knowledge from Imam Nisaii, Abu Yaala Muslee, Hasan ibn Sufyan and Abu Bakr ibn Khuzaima and Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ishaq. He was also the Chief Justice of Samarkand. Amongst his students, the most prominent one is Imam Abu Abdullah Hakim. Some say he was Shafaii and other say he was a non-follower and a ‘mujtahhid’.
His publications include; Kitab al Sahaaba, Kitab al Tabieen. Saheeh ibn Habban his most famous book. He died on 24 Shawwal 354 H in his birth place.
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17 - Imam Dar Qatani (306 - 385 H)
Name Ali, kunniyah ( agnomen) Abul Hasan, father’s name Umar ibn Ahmad ibn Mahdi . He was born in ‘Dar Qatan’ a place in Baghdad. His students include; Imam Abu Abdullah Hakim and Imam Abu Naeem Isphahani. He travelled through Kufa, Basra, Syria, Egypt and other places to gather ahadith.
Amongst his other publications, a few prominent one are; al Sunnan and Akitab illal al Hadith. Allama Sayuti is of the opinion that this Sunnan Dar Qatani stands just after the six/seven most authentic books of ahadith. He died on 8 Dhul Qaida, 385 H.
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18 - Abu Abdullah Hakim (321 – 405 H)
Name Muhammad, father’s name Abdullah ibn Muhammad. As he remained ‘Qazi’ (judge) he is also called as ‘Hakim”. He was born on 3 Rabi al Awwal, 321 H, in the city of Nishapur of Khurasan. Imam Abul Hasan Dar Qatani was one of his renowned teacher and Imam Baiqahee as his pupil.
Hafiz Zuhabi in his book ‘Tazkara al Huffaz’ has written that around 1000 books are written by Hakim. These include; i) Tafseer al Qur’an, ii) al Mustadark ela al Sahihain, iii) Tarikh Nishapur, iv) Mu’arafat Uloom al Hadith etc. Mutadark Kakim is the most distinguished work of Imam Hakim. Hakim died on 3 Safar al Muharram, 405 H at the age of 84 years in Nishapur.
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19 – Ibn Hazm (384 – 456 H)
Name Ali, kunniyah (agnomen) Abu Muhammad, father’s name Ahmad ibn Saeed ibn Hazm Qartabee. He was born in Qartaba (Cordoba), Undlus (Spain). Ibn Hazm was born into a notable family. His great-grandfather Hazm was a convert to Islam, his grandfather Sa'id moved to Córdoba and his father Ahmad both held high advisory positions in the court of the Umayyad munafequn king Hisham II.[5] The family claimed to be of Persian descent.
He is reported 400 works of which only 40 still survive, covering a range of topics such as Islamic jurisprudence, logic, history, ethics, comparative religion, and theology. The most worth mentioning books are; Al-Fisal fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal, Al-Mujalla, Maratib al Ulum, Kitab al Nasikh al Mansukh etc. He was very strict in determining the status of ahadith.
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20 – Imam Bayhaqi (384 – 458 H)
Name Ahmad, father’s name Hussain ibn Ali al Bayhaqi was born in Bayhaq in Nishapur, Khurasan. Al-Bayhaqi was a scholar of fiqh, of the Shafi'i school of thought as well as hadith. He studied fiqh from Abu al-Fath Nasir ibn al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Naysaburi, among others. He also studied hadith from Hakim al-Nishaburi and was his foremost pupil, among others in that subject as well.
Imam al Dhahabi, he authored hundereds of books. Among the most well known books are; i) Al-Sunan al-Kubra, commonly known as Sunan al-Bayhaqi, ii) Ma`arifa al-Sunan wa al-Athar, iii) Bayan Khata Man Akhta`a `Ala al-Shafi`i (The Exposition of the Error of Those who have Attributed Error to al-Shafi`i), iv) Al-Mabsut, a book on Shafi`i Law, v) Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat (The Divine Names and Attributes), vi) Al-I`tiqad `ala Madhhab al-Salaf Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama`a,Dala'il al-Nubuwwah (The Signs of Prophethood), vii) Shu`ab al-Iman (The branches of faith), viii) Al-Da`awat al-Kabir (The Major Book of Supplications), ix) Al-Zuhd al-Kabir (The Major Book of Asceticism)
Imam died in Nishapur at the age of 74 years on 10 Jamadi al Awwal, 458 H and was buried in Bayhaq in his home place.
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21- Khateeb al Baghdadi ( 392 – 463 H)
Name Abu Bakr Ahmad, fathe’s name Ali ibn Thabit ibn Muhammad was born on 24 Jamade al-Thani, 392 H in Darzidjan, a small town south of Baghdad. At the death of his father, Imam Khateeb at the age of 20 years he went to Basra for the search of ahadith. In this search he also traveled to Kufa, Nishapur, Isphahan, Hamdan, Mecca, Madina and Iraq. Imam Abu Ishaq Shirazi was one of his teachers.
He wrote more than 100 books on science and terminologies of ahadith. He was also called as ‘ Hafiz Mashriq’. His written work includes; i) Ta'rikh Baghdad: The History of Baghdad, ii) al-Kifaya fi ma'rifat usul 'ilm al-riwaya: an early work dealing with Hadith terminology, iii) al-Djami' li-akhlak al-rawi wa-adab al-sami, iv) Takyid al-'ilm, v) Sharaf ashab al-hadith, vi) al-Sabik wa 'l-lahik: dealing with hadith narrators of a particular type; vii) al-Mu'tanif fi takmilat al-Mu'talif wa 'l-mukhtalif, viii) al-Muttafik wa 'l-muftarik, ix) Talkhis al-mutashabih fi 'l-rasm wa-himayat ma ashkala minhu min nawadir al-tashif wa 'l-wahm, x) al-Asma' al-mubhama fi 'l-anba' al-muhkama: identifying unnamed individuals mentioned in hadith, xi) al-Rihla fi talab al-hadith, xii) Iktida' al-'ilm al-'amal.
He died on 7 Dhul Hajja, 463 H at the age of 71.
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22 – Imam Baghawi ( 435 – 516 H)
Abu Muhammad al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud ibn Muhammad al-Farra' al-Baghawi was born in 433 H in ‘Bugh’ a small village near Herat in Khurasan. It is reported that this village exists no more.
Imam Baghawi was a renowned Persian Muslim Mufassir, hadith scholar. He has written numerous books but the book Masabih al-Sunnah elevated him to the pedestal of Imam. He also wrote ‘tafseer of Qura’n titled as ‘ Mualim al Tanzil. Other books include; i) Al-Tahdhīb fī fiqh al-imām al-Shāfiī ḥ al-sunnah, ii) Masabih al-Sunnah, iii) Al-Anwār fī shamāil al-Nabī al-Mukhtār, iv) Al-Jam bayna al-Ṣaḥīḥayn, v) Al-Arbīn ḥadīthan, vi) Majmūah min al-fatāwā.
He died in 516 H
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23 – Imam Nawwi ( 631 – 676 H)
Abu Zakaria Mohiuddin Yahya Ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi popularly known as Imam Nawawi . He was born at Nawa in the south of Damascus, Syria. His position on legal matters is considered the authoritative one in the Shafi'i Madhhab.
He studied in Damascus from the age of 18 and after making the pilgrimage he settled there as a private scholar. His father, a virtuous and pious man, resolved to arrange for proper and befitting education as he had discovered the symptoms of heavenly intelligence and wisdom in his promising child at an early stage.
His teachers were regarded as authority of their subjects they taught, these include; Abu Ibrahim Ishaq bin Ahmad AI-Maghribi, Abu Muhammad Abdur-Rahman bin Ibrahim Al-Fazari, Radiyuddin Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Abu Hafs Umar bin Mudar Al-Mudari, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Isa Al-Muradi, Abul-Baqa Khalid bin Yusuf An-Nablusi, Abul-Abbas Ahmad bin Salim Al-Misri, Abu Abdullah Al-Jiyani, Abul-Fath Umar bin Bandar, Abu Muhammad At-Tanukhi, Sharafuddin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad Al-Ansari, Abul-Faraj Abdur-Rahman bin Muhammad bin Ahmad Al-Maqdisi, Abul-Fada'il Sallar bin Al-Hasan Al Arbali etc.
There were hundreds of Imam's students, among them some notables are: Alauddin bin Attar, Ibn Abbas Ahmad bin Ibrahim, Abul-Abbas Al-Ja'fari, Abul-Abbas Ahmad bin Farah, Rashid Ismail bin Mu'allim Al-Hanafi, Abu Abdullah Al-Hanbali, AbulAbbas Al-Wasti, Jamaluddin Sulaiman bin Omar Az-Zar'i, AbulFaraj Abdur-Rahman bin Muhammad bin Abdul-Hamid AlMaqdisi, Badr Muhammad bin Ibrahim, Shamsuddin Muhammad bin Abu Bakr, Ash-Shihab Muhammad bin Abdul-Khaliq, Hibatullah Al-Barizi, Abul-Hajjaj Yusuf bin Az-Zaki etc.
During his short life of only 45 years, he wrote many books on Islamic studies and other topics. He collected and sourced 40 hadith of the Prophet Mohammed back to one of his companions. His work include:Al Minhaj bi Sharh Sahih Muslim ,Riyadh as-Saaliheen , al-Majmu' sharh al-Muhadhdhab ,Minhaj al-Talibin ,Tahdhib al-Asma wal-,Taqrib al-Taisir.,Forty Hadiths ,Kitab al-Adhkar ,al-Tibyan fi adab Hamalat al-Quran ,Adab al-fatwa wa al-Mufti wa al-Mustafti ,al-Tarkhis fi al-Qiyam ,Manasik ,Sharh Sunan Abu Dawood,Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari,Mukhtasar at-Tirmidhi,Tabaqat ash-Shafi'iyah,Rawdhat al-Talibeen,Bustan al-`arifin.
He died at a young age of 45 years on Rajab 24, 676 H.
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24 – Imam Taymiyyah ( 654 – 742 H)
Name Ahmad, alias Taqi ad-Din, Kunniyah (agnomen) Abu al Abbas and nick name ibn Taymiyyah was born in a religious family, in Harran, located in what is now Turkey, close to the Syrian border. Initially he adopted the kunniyah (agnomen) Abu al Abbas, but the family name remained dominant and is known with it.
After the invasion of Mongols, when ibn Taymiyyah was 7 years old, he and his family shifted to Damuscus where the Mamluks of Egypt were the rulers.
Ibn Taymiyyah studied the religion, Arabic literature, calligraphy and mathematics. He also learned Islamic jurisprudence from his father and become a distinguished scholar of ‘hanbali ‘madhab’.
Imam Taymiyyah also studied philosophy and very severly crticised Greek philosophy. When in 658 H Tataries invaded Damuscus, Syria he faught against them. The Chtistians, on the other hand, welcomed them and propagated that it is not obligatory for Christians to have faith on the last Prophet sws and be converted to Islam. Imam Taymiyyah very vehemently countered this propaganda and wrote his famous book ‘ Al Jwab al Saheeh lamin Baddal Deen al Maseeh’, in 4 volumes and crtically analysed the Chritianity and refuted the ‘trinity’.
After Christianity Imam Taymiyyah opposed ‘Shiaism’ and wrote a 4 volume book ‘ Minhaj al Sunnah al Nabwwia fi Kalam al Shiia wa al Qadria’. In that he refuted Shia scholar ibn al Mutthar al Hilli’s theory that Ali ra and the ‘ahle al ba’it’ are the only successors of Islamic caliphate.
Imam also stood against all those unislamic traditions which have intruded into Islamic society. He also objected and crticised upon asking blessings from the dead ones in the graves.
Ibn Taymiyyah was an example of truthfulness and outspokenness and could not tolerate an iota of wrongness regarding ‘Sharia’. For the reason he faced three pronged opposition viz, i) Sufies, ii) Shiiats and iii) ahle al bidda. Ibn Taymiya was imprisoned several times for conflicting with the ijma of jurists and theologians of his day. He spent his last fifteen years in Damascus. Ibn Taymiyyah was imprisoned for supporting a doctrine that would curtail the ease with which a Muslim man could divorce his wife.
When he was ultimately banned from having any books, papers and pens during the latter stage of his final imprisonment, Ibn Taymiyyah devoted all of his time to worship and reciting the Qur'an. Ibn Taymiyyah died in prison on 22 Dhu al-Qai'dah, 728 H
Ibn Taymiyyah left a considerable body of work (350 works listed by his student Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya[25] and 500 by other student al-Dhahabi) that has been republished extensively in Syria, Egypt, Arabia, and India. His work extended his religious and political involvements. Extant books and essays written by ibn Taymiyyah include:
A Great Compilation of Fatwa—(Majmu al-Fatwa al-Kubra) This was collected centuries after his death, and contains several of the works mentioned below.
Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah—(The Pathway of as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah)—Volumes 1–4
Majmoo' al-Fatawa—(Compilation of Fatawa) Volumes 1–36
al-Aqeedah Al-Hamawiyyah—(The Creed to the People of Hamawiyyah)
Al-Aqidah Al-Waasitiyyah—(The Creed to the People of Waasittiyah)
al-Asma wa's-Sifaat—(Allah's Names and Attributes) Volumes 1–2
'al-Iman—(Faith)
al-Jawab as Sahih li man Baddala Din al-Masih (Literally, "The Correct Response to those who have Corrupted the Deen (Religion) of the Messiah"; A Muslim theologian's response to Christianity)—seven volumes, over a thousand pages.
as-Sarim al-Maslul ‘ala Shatim ar-Rasul—The Drawn Sword against those who insult the Messenger. Written in response to an incident in which Ibn Taymiyyah heard a Christian insulting Muhammad. The book is well-known because he wrote it entirely by memory, while in jail, and quoting more than hundreds of references.
Fatawa al-Kubra
Fatawa al-Misriyyah
ar-Radd 'ala al-Mantiqiyyin (Refutation of Greek Logicians)
Naqd at-Ta'sis
al-Uboodiyyah—(Subjection to God)
Iqtida' as-Sirat al-Mustaqim'—(Following The Straight Path)
al-Siyasa al-shar'iyya
at-Tawassul wal-Waseela
Sharh Futuh al-Ghayb—(Commentary on Revelations of the Unseen by Abdul-Qadir Gilani)
Some of his other works have been translated to English. They include:
The Friends of Allah and the Friends of Shaytan
Kitab al Iman: The Book of Faith
Diseases of the Hearts and their Cures
The Relief from Distress
Fundamentals of Enjoining Good & Forbidding Evil
The Concise Legacy
The Goodly Word
The Madinan Way
Ibn Taymiyya against the Greek logicians
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25 - Imam Khateeb Tabrezi ( - 737 H)
Name Muhammad, kunniyah (agnomen) Abu Abdullah, nick name Waliuddin, famed as Khateeb Tabrezi. He was in Tabrez a city of Aazirbaijan. His ancestors were linked to Umar al Farooq ra for the reason he is also called as’ Umri’.
Allama Hussain ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah Tayyabi was one of his teachers and Imamuddin Ali ibn Mubarek is one of his distinguished pupil.
However it can be said that he died after 737 H.
Khateeb Tabrezi wrote a number of books but his most outstanding work is the ‘ Mishkat al Masabeeh’ that was written on the advice of his teacher Allama Hussain ibn Muhammad. This book was completed in 737 H.
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26- Hafiz Dhahabi (673 – 748 H)
Name Shamsuddin, kunniyah (agnomen) Abu Abdullah Muhammad, father’s name Ahmad ibn Uthman, nick named as Hafiz Dhahabi. He was in Damuscus.
He began his study of hadith at age eighteen, travelling from Damascus to Baalbek, Homs, Hama, Aleppo, Nabulus, Cairo, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Hijaz, and elsewhere, after which he returned to Damascus.
Dhahabi learned from the following notable teachers that nclude; ibn Taymiyyah, ibn al Zahiri, Sharaf al Din al Dimyati, ibn Daqiq, Jamal al-Din Abu al-Ma`ali Muhammad, Al-Abarquhi.
He authored nearly a hundred works, some of them of considerable size:
Tarikh al-Islam al-kabir. (Major History of Islam); Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn al-Dhahabi.[6]
Siyar a`lam al-nubala'. (The Lives of Noble Figures), 23 volumes, a unique encyclopedia of biographical history.
Tadhhib Tahdhib al-Kamal, an abridgement of al-Mizzi's abridgement of al-Maqdisee's Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, a compendium of historical biographies for hadith narrators cited in the Six major Hadith collections.
Al-Kashif fi Ma`rifa Man Lahu Riwaya fi al-Kutub al-Sitta, an abridgment of the Tadhhib.
Al-Mujarrad fi Asma' Rijal al-Kutub al-Sitta, an abridgment of the Kashif.
Mukhtasar Kitab al-Wahm wa al-Iham li Ibn al-Qattan.
Mukhtasar Sunan al-Bayhaqi, an abridgement of Bayhaqi's Sunan al-Kubara.
Mukhtasar al-Mustadrak li al-Hakim, an abdridgement of Hakim's Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain.
Al-Amsar Dhawat al-Athar (Cities Rich in Historical Relics), which begins with the description of Madina al-Munawwara.
Al-Tajrid fi Asma' al-Sahaba, a dictionary of the Companions.
Tadhkirat al-huffaz. (The Memorial of the Hadith Masters), a chronological history of the biography of hadith masters. Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn al-Dhahabi [7].
Al-Mu`in fi Tabaqat al-Muhaddithin, a compendium of hadith scholars (Muhaddithin).
Tabaqat al-Qurra (Biography-Layers of the Qur'anic Scholars).
Duwal al-Islam, a condensed history with emphasis on political figures and events.
Al-Kaba'ir (The Enormities)
Manaaqib Al-imam Abu Hanifa wa saahibayhi Abu Yusuf wa Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan (The Honoured status of Imam Abu Hanifa and his two companions, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan)
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27- Hafiz ibn Qayyim al Jawziyyah ( 691 – 751 H)
Name Muhammad, kunniyah Abu Abdullah, alias Shamsuddin, father’s name Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub. He was born on 7 Safar al Muzzaffar, 691 H in Damuscus. His father was the attendant (qayyim) of a school in Jawziyyah, for the reason he is known as ibn Jawziyyah. He is a renowned ‘mufassir, jurist, astronomer, chemist, philosopher, psychologist, scientist and theologian.
Ibn Qayyim's teachers included his father, Abu Bakr, Shihaab al-'Abir, Taqiyyud-Deen Sulaymaan, Safiyyud-Deen al-Hindee, Ismaa'eel Ibn Muhammad al-Harraanee. However, the most notable of his teachers was Shaykhul-lslaam Ibn Taymiyyah, whom he accompanied and studied under for sixteen years.
Amongst his most prominent students were: Ibn Kathir (d. 774 H ), Al-Dhahabi (d. 748H ), Ibn Rajab (d. 795H ) and Ibn Abdul-Haadee (d. 744H ), as well as two of his sons, Ibraaheem and Sharafud-Deen Abdullaah.
Ibn Qayyim was a devout student, disciple and the successr of Imam Taimiyyah. He defended his religious opinions and approaches, and he compiled and edited most of his works, and taught the same. Ibn Qayyim like his teacher Imam Taimiyyah.
Because of their views, both the teacher and the student were persecuted, tortured by munafequn rulers, and humiliated in public by the local authorities, as they were imprisoned in a single cell in the central prison of Damascus, known today as al-Qala.
When Ibn Taymiyyah died, Ibn Qayyim was freed and subsequently furthered his studies, holding study circles and classes. He taught Islamic Jurisprudence at al-Sadriyya school in Damascus, before he held the position of the Imam of the Jawziyyah school. Most of his writings were compilations, although he authored several books and manuscripts with his own handwriting which are preserved in the central Library of Damascus.
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah's contributions to the Islamic library are extensive, and they particularly deal with the Qur'anic commentaries, and understanding and analysis of the prophetic traditions (Fiqh-us Sunnah);
Zad al-Ma'ad (Provision of the hereafter)
Al-Waabil Sayyib minal kalim tayyib – a commentary on hadith about Prophet Yahya ibn Zakariyya.
I'laam ul Muwaqqi'een 'an Rabb il 'Aalameen
Tahthib Sunan Abi Da'ud
Madaarij Saalikeen which is a rearrangement of the book by Shaikh Abu Ismail al-Ansari al-Harawi al-Sufi, Manazil-u Sa'ireen (Stations of the Seekers);
Tafsir Mu'awwadhatain (Tafsir of Surah Falaq and Nas);
Fawā'id
Ad-Dā'i wa Dawā also known as Al Jawābul kāfi liman sa'ala 'an Dawā'i Shaafi
Haadi Arwah ila biladil Afrah
Uddat as-Sabirin wa Dhakhiratu ash-Shakirin
Ighadatu lahfan fi masayid shaytan
Rawdhatul Muhibbīn
Ahkām ahl al-dhimma"
Tuhfatul Mawdud bi Ahkam al-Mawlud
Miftah Dar As-Sa'adah
Jala al-afham fi fadhl salati ala khayral anam
Al-Manar al-Munif
Al-Tibb al-Nabawiya – a book on Prophetic Medicine (available in English as "The Prophetic Medicine" , printed by Dar al-Fikr in Beirut (Lebanon), or as "Healing with the Medicine of the Prophet (sal allahu `alayhi wa salim)" , printed by Darussalam Publications.
Al-Furusiyya
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28- Hafiz ibn Kathir ( 701 – 774 H)
Name Imaduddin Ismail, father’s name Umar ibn Abu al Fida ibn Abi Hafs Umar. He was born in Majlal a suburb of Basra, Syria in 701 H. He was great muffasir, muhaddith, a faqih and a historian.
He was a disciple of Ibn Taymiyya, Al-Mizzi, Ibn Al Firkah,‘Isa bin Al-Mutim, Ahmed bin Abi-Talib, Ibn Al-Hajjar, Baha Ad-Din Al-Qasim bin Muzaffar bin ‘Asakir, Ibn Ash-Shirazi, Ishaq bin Yahya Al-Ammuddi, Zahriyyah Shaykh, and Muhammad bin Zarrad.
Althouh he was a great admirer of Imam Taymiyya, ibn Kathir was a follower of Shaafii ‘madhab’.
In later life, he became blind [1]. He attributes his blindness to working late at night on the Musnad of Ahmad Ibn Hanbal in an attempt to rearrange it topically rather than by narrator. Ibn Kathir died in 774 H in Damascus.
Ibn Kathir’s work include; i) Tafsir ibn Kathir,ii) Stories of the Qur'an, iii)Al Bidayah wa-Nihayah or Tarikh ibn Kathir, iv) Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyya, v) al-Baa'ith al-Hatheeth, vi) Tabaqaat ah-Shafi'iah, v) Talkhis al-Istighatha, vi) Signs Before the Day of Judgement, vii) Sins and their Punishments, viii) Stories of the Prophets
Tafsir ibn Kathir is the most renowned, trustworthy and reliable tafsir, ever recognized.
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29- Hafiz ibn Rajab ( 744 – 795 H)
Name Zainuddin Abdur Rahman, Kunniyah (agnomen) Abu al Faraj, father’s name Ahmad ibn Abdur Rahman ibn al Hasan was born in Baghdad. His grand father was born in the month of Rajab, so he was named ibn Rajab.
He moved to Damuscus at age 5 with his family. He traveled to Jerusalem, Egypt and Mecca.
Some of the scholars he studied under were ibn an-Naqeeb (d. 769H), as-Subki, al-Iraqi (d. 806H), and Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Khabbaz. He also studied with Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah up to ibn Qayyim's death. Ibn Rajab's commentary on the forty hadith of Nawawi (Jami' al-Ulum wa al-Hikam) is the largest as well as generally being considered the best commentary available. Near the end of his life, Ibn Rajab began composing a commentary on Sahih Bukhari, but unfortunately only reached the chapter on the funeral prayers before he died. He had named his work Fath al-Bari and what he did write has been published by Dar Ibn al-Jawzi in seven volumes. This amounts to less than a sixth of Sahih Bukhari. Twenty years after Ibn Rajab's death, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani began his commentary on Sahih Bukhari and gave his own work the same title in honour of Ibn Rajab.
Ibn Rajab died on a Monday night 4th of Ramadhan 795AH (1393), at the age of fifty-nine, in a garden area he had rented in Damascus. His funeral prayer was performed the next day and he was buried in the Baab as-Sagheer graveyard.[3]
His contributions include tafaseer, books on ahadith, fiqh, history and other subjects;
Tafaseer: i) Tafsir Surah al-Ikhlaas, ii) Tafsir Surah al-Faatihah, iii) Tafsir Surah an-NasrI'raab, iv) al-BismillahAl-Istighnaa bil-Qur'an
Ahadith books: i)SharhJaami' al-Tirmidhi,ii) Sharh 'Ilal at-Tirmidhi , iii) Fath al-Bari bi Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari, iv) Jami' al-'Uloom wal-Hikam fi Sharh khamsina Hadithan min Jawami al-Kalim Maa Dhi'bani Ja'iaan ursilaa fi Ghanam, etc
Books on Fiqh: i) Al-Istikhraj fi Ahkam al-Kharaj, ii) Al-Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyyah,iii) Kitab Ahkam al-Khawatim wa ma yat'alaqu biha
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30 – Hafiz ibn Hajr Asqalaani ( 773 – 852 H)
Name Ahmad, kunniyah (agnomen) Abul Fazal, alias Shahabuddin, father’s name ibn Ali ibn Hajr Asqalani. Asqalan was a very beautiful city of Palestine. He was born in Egypt on 23 Sha’aban 773 H.
His teachers include; Zainuddin Abdur Rahim Iraqi, Nooruddin Haithami, Sirajuddin Belqaini, ibn Jama’a, Ibrahim ibn Musa and so many others.
His disciples include; Hafiz Abdur Rahman Sakhavi, Burhanuddin Ibrahinm ibn Umar Baqa’ai, Ibn Fahad makki.
He remained Chief Justice for six times and the total duration of this Chief justiceship remained for 21 years. He was a follower of Shaafii ‘madhab’.
He died on 28 Dhul Hajja 852 H in Cairo (Egypt) at the age of 79 years.
Ibn Hajar authored more than fifty works on hadith, hadith terminology, biographical evaluation, history, Quranic exegesis , poetry and Shafi'i jurisprudence.
Fath al-Bari al-Durar al-Kamina – a biographical dictionary of leading figures of the eighth century.
Tahdhib al-Tahdhib Taqrib al-Tahdhib – the abridgement of Tahthib al-Tahthib.
Ta'jil al-Manfa'ah
al-Isaba fi tamyiz al-Sahaba.
Bulugh al-Maram min adillat al-ahkam Nata'ij al-Afkar fi Takhrij Ahadith al-Adhkar
Lisan al-Mizan.
Talkhis al-Habir fi Takhrij al-Rafi`i al-Kabir
al-Diraya fi Takhrij Ahadith al-Hidaya
Taghliq al-Ta`liq `ala Sahih al-Bukhari
Risala Tadhkirat al-Athar
al-Matalib al-`Aliya bi Zawa'id al-Masanid al-Thamaniya
Nukhbat al-Fikar
al-Nukat ala Kitab ibn al-Salah al-Qawl al-Musaddad fi Musnad Ahmad Silsilat al-Dhahab
Ta`rif Ahl al-Taqdis bi Maratib al-Mawsufin bi al-Tadlis
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31 – Hafiz Sakhavi ( 831 – 902 H)
Name Shamsuddin Muhammad Ibn Abdu Rahman Sakhavi, a great ‘muhaddith’ was born in 831 H. His teachers include; Hafiz ibn Hajr Asqalani Allama A’inee. He traveled through Hijaz, Cairi (Egypt) and then toMadina where he remained busy with teaching ‘deen’ (religion).
He wrote numerous books. Some of them are; Fatah al Mughees Sharah al fi al Hadith, al Dhu’ al Kalam la hil Qur’an al Tas’ae, Al e’alan bil tubikh zim al Tarikh etc.
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32- Hafiz Suyuti ( 849 – 911 H)
Name Jalauddin, kunniyah (agnomen) Abul Fazal, father’s name Abi Bakr Suyuti Shafii, was born in Suyut a village at the bank of Nile in Cairo. In his childhood he was used to go to ibn Hajr Asqalani for education. He remained disciple of; Jalaluddin ibn Ahmad, Sharfuddin Yahya ibn Muhammad, Taqiuddin Ahmad ibn Muhammad Shamni, MuhiuddinMuhammad ibn Sulaiman, Saifuddin Muhammad ibn Muhammad. As-Suyuti traveled to Sham, Hijaz, Yemen, India and Morocco, and settled down towards the end of his life in his homeland of Egypt. Hafiz Suyuti has written in his book that he was benefited with 150 teachers and he named them.
The most famous of Al-Suyuti's students and it is possible to say the most outstanding student of As-Suyuti was the Imam, the historian, Al-Dawudi (died 945H) – author of the book Tabaqaat Al-Mufassireen and other works. Then there was his other student, the famous historian, Ibn Iyaas, author of the book Badaa'i-uz-Zuhoor (died 930H).
Some other of his students were the Imam, the Haafidh Ibn Tuloon Al-Hanafi (died 935H), author of the three Fahaaris, indexes as well as many other works and the Imam Al-Shi'raanee, author of the book Al-Tabaqaat (died 973H).
His books and treatises have been counted to number almost 500 works altogether. Suyuti listed 283 of his own works in Husn al-Muhađarah. Some of the more famous works he produced were:
i) Tafsir al-Jalalayn
ii) Al-Jaami' al-Kabîr
iii) Al-Jaami' al-Saghîr
iv) Dur al-Manthur
v) Alfiyyah al-Hadith
vi) Tadrib al-Rawi
vii) Al-Khulafah Ar-Rashidun
viii) Tabaqat al-huffaz
ix) Nuzhat al-julasā fī ashār al-nisā
x) Khasaais-e-Kubra
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33 – Shaikh Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehalvi (958 – 1052 H)
Name Abdul Haq, father’s name Saifuddin ibn Sa’adullah Taraki. His great grand father Agha Muhammad Tarak was from Bukhara. After the fall of Baghdad, he migrated to Delhi along with some other Tarkish groups. Abdul Haq acquired his early education from his father. After that he went to Mecca and learned hadith and fiqh there, from great scholars of that time. After returning back to Delhi, he started teaching the religion. He successfully confronted the ‘Deen-e-Elahi’ established by munafequn-Mughal-king-akbar. He wrote more than 60 books. The books relating to hadith are; Akhbar al Akhiyar, A’sa’h al Mu’at al Shrah al Mishkat, Muqaddama fi Asul al Hadith, and others.
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34 – Shah Waliullah Muhaddith Dehalvi ( 1114 – 1176 H)
Name Ahmad, father’s name Abdur Rahim Umari. He famed by the name Shah Waliullah. His forefathers were descendants of Umar Farooq ra. That is why he was also called Umri. His early education was from his father and Shaikh Afzal Sialkoti. He went to Mecca where he learned from Abu Tahir Madni, Wafadullah Maliki, Tatuddin Qala’I and Umar ibn Ahmad Makki.After coming back to Delhi he taught the science of hadith there. He has over 60 books to his credit. The most famous and distinguished one is ‘Hajja tulllan al Baligha’. Others include; al Fawz al Kabir fi Usul al Tafsir, Kitam al Arba’in, Trajim al Bukhari, al Mustafa Sharah al Mawtta, Athar al Muhaddathin and other.
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35 – Imam al Shaukani (1173 – 1250 H)
Name Muhammad, father’s name Ali ibn Abdullah was born on 28 Dhul Qaida 1173 H in Shukan a village near Sana’a, Yemen. His father was a great scholar and remained a jurist for 40 years.
Al Shukani’s disciple include; Allama Muhammad ibn Nasr al Hazmi (d.1283 H), Allama Abdur Rahman ibn Sulaiman al Sadidee (d. 1250 H), Allama Abdur Rahman ibn Ahmad Al Bahkali (d. 1248 H), Allama Ahmad (his own son, d 1281 H).
Imam al Shukani wrote almost on all the fields of ‘deen’ (religion) including tafsir, hadith, fiqh, ilm al asnad, history and others. His most popular book is ‘Neel al A’utar’ , a commentary on the book ‘ Mantaqi al Akhbar’ of Imam Mujaddadin Abdus Salam ibn Taymiyyah.
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36 - Muhammad Naasiruddeen al-Albaanee (1332 – 1420 H)
Muhammad Nasiruddin was born in the city of Ashkodera, then the capital of Albania in the year1332 H. His father al-Haaj Nooh Najjaatee al-Albaanee had completed Sharee'ah studies in Istanbul and returned back to Albania. After Albania was taken over by secularist Ahmet Zogu, his family migrated to Damascus. In Damascus Albaanee completed his initial education and was then taught the Qur’an, Tajweed, sciences of Arabic language, fiqh and further branches of the Deen by various teachers and friends of his father.
He also learnt from his father the art of clock and watch repair - and became highly skilled in that and famous for it and derived his earnings through it. He began to specialise in the field of Hadeeth and its related sciences by the age of 20 - being influenced by articles in 'al-Manaar' magazine.He delved further into the field of Hadeeth and its various sciences.
Albaanee’s teachers and mentors include; Bahjatul Bayjaar, Abdul-Fattaah, and Towfeeq al-Barzah. After a number of his works appeared in print Albaanee was chosen to teach Hadeeth in the new University in Madeenah, Saudi Arabia, for three years from 1381 to 1383 H where he was also a member of the University board.
His students are many and include amongst them: Hamdee 'Abdul-Majeed, Muhammad 'Eed 'Abbaasee, Dr. 'Umar Sulaymaan al-Ashqar, Muhammad lbraheem Shaqrah, Muqbil ibn Haadee al-Waadi'ee, 'Alee Khushshaan, Muhammad Jameel Zaynoo, 'Abdur-Rahmaan Abdus-Samad, 'Alee Hasan 'Abdul-Hameed al-Halabee, and Saleem al-Hilaalee.
He authored more than 30 books, few of them are:
Sahih wa Da'if Sunan Abu Dawood (Volumes 1–4)
Sahih wa Da'if Sunan at-Tirmidhi (Volumes 1–4)
Sahih wa Da'if Sunan ibn Majah (Volumes 1–4)
Silsalat al-Hadith ad-Da'ifa (Volumes 1–14)
Silsalat al-Hadith as-Sahiha (Volumes 1–11)
Apart from his life history, following are his achievements:
1. He was selected by the Faculty of Sharee’ah in the University of Damascus to make Takhreej of the Ahaadeeth of transactions that were specifically collected by the University and published in 1955.
2. He was selected to be a member of the Committee of Hadeeth that was founded during the union between Egypt and Syria. It was tasked to oversee the publication and editing of the books of the Sunnah.
3. In 1388 H. Shaykh Hassan ibn ‘Abdullaah Aal ash Shaykh requested that he assume the position of supervisor for higher education in the faculty of Islaamic studies in the University of Makkah, he was unable to take up the position.
5. He was selected to be a member of the Higher Committee in the Islaamic University of Madeenah from 1395 – 1398 H. He also lectured at the University.
6. He accepted the request of the noble Shaykh ‘Abdul ‘Azeez ibn Baaz, may Allaah have mercy upon him, to travel to Egypt, Morocco and Britain to call to Tawheed and the adherence to the Qur-aan and Sunnah with the correct Islaamic methodology.
7. He received the National King Faisal prize for Islaamic Studies in 1419 H. for ‘Efforts on the knowledge of Prophetic Hadeeth’
Albaanee died at the age of 87 years on 22 Jumaadaa ath-Thaaniyah 1420 H (2 October, 1999)
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37 - Allama Ehsaan Ilahi Zaheer (1364 - 1407 H)
Ehsaan Ilahi Zaheer, father’s name Zahur Ilahi ibn Ahmaduddin ibn Nadham was born in Sialkot a city of Pakistan. According to his brother – Dr. Fazal Ilahi – he was born in 1940, but Allama while interviewing a magazine, titled ‘ Mujallat ul Arabiyyah’, said that he was born on 31 May, 1945 (18 Jamadi al Awwal, 1364
H). He belonged to a cloth trading family. Allama’s father, while knowing the importance of education and knowledge, spent all his effort and wealth for the education of his children.
Allama, after acquiring sufficient knowledge in Pakistan, moved to Saudi Arabia, where he completed the full length of his studies at the Islamic University of Madinah. He had the privilege to gain knowledge there from great scholars like; Shaikh Abdul Azeez bin Baz, Allama Nasiruddin Albani, Muhammad Hammad al Ansari, Muhammad Ibraim al-Jundalvi, Muhammad al Ameen ash Shinqiti, Abu Bakr al Jaza’ivi and others. Allama was great scholar of hadith. He established the editorial ‘Tarjumaam al Hadith’.
Allama very vehemently confronted ‘Qadianiat’, Shiaism and ‘Brevilism as a result he was several times threatened to death.
On March 23, 1987 (29 Rajab 1407 H) when Allama was addressing a ‘Seerah Meeting’, a bomb was blasted at the stage, where he was critically wounded and a number of his companions were martyred. He was shifted to Ryadh Hospital, Saudi Arabia for further medical treatment, where he succumbed to his injuries and died on March 30, 1987. Shaikh Abdul Azeez bin Baz, the grand ‘Mufti’ of Saudi Arabia led his funeral prayers. He was buried next to the grave of Malik ibn Anas in the ‘Baqie’ graveyard.
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and there are enormours mujahideen of Islam, who have contributed to safeguard the ruling on hadith and quran,
which i have not mention here, if anybody have this, they can pls they can mail me , i will add here
If you have any correction or doubt then pls revert back to Al-Madinah Institute, Imam Hussain Makki (+91-7022103963)
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